Reasons for Hope

There are so many reasons for hope. And yet lately our human community has been struck by tragedies: earthquakes in Mexico, the Vegas shooting, hurricanes… A perfect storm of sorts. The question is always there: will I stand there looking at the tragedy or swing into action?

It was beautiful to see the many and varied responses. When Irma hit Houston, for example, J.J. Watt of the Houston Texans started a fundraising campaign and raised some 30 million dollars. After the earthquake that hit Mexico City it was amazing to see how people mobilized immediately and spontaneously to distribute food and medicine. One friend of mine brought her highly-trained German Shepherd to fallen buildings to help find those buried in rubble. They are a testament to beautiful human spirit that is naturally inclined to good.

It is easy to see reasons for concern: possibilities of war around the world, corruption in governments, lack of faith in politicians, increasingly secularized society growing further from God and the eternal truths every day. We cannot close our eyes and pretend these and other serious problems don’t exist. Two interesting books recently came out that have to do with this. One is by Archbishop Chaput of Philadelphia and the other is called “The Benedict Option” by Rod Dreher.

The Benedict Option discusses the formation of small communities formed based on common values, much like St. Benedict who retired to the desert. Whether it was his intention or not, the first monastic communities sprang up from his reclusion and these communities, centuries later, would be responsible for the first universities and the education of Europe. Something similar could happen today.

Now I think that in many ways this has already been happening, though not to so dramatic a degree as could be inferred. This is happening all over the place in the various charismatic movements, in parish groups, in evangelization efforts… I see it all the time in holy young families, in young people who love the Lord, the continued diffusion of John Paul II’s Theology of the Body, to name just a few.

There are reasons for hope all around us! Let’s not lose sight of that amidst the tragic, deplorable, and unfortunate circumstances facing us. We are Christians after all! And the Christian believes in the resurrection. The Christian believes that God can always bring forth a greater good, just as He rose Christ from the dead on the third day.

For further recommended reading, see Matthew Kelly’s “The Four Signs of a Dynamic Catholic.”

"Catch Me...": Creativity and Fun without Scruples

I recently finished reading the true story of Frank Abagnale, Jr. His book, "Catch Me if You Can," inspired the fun cat and mouse movie starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hanks. It really is a lot of fun. It was also interesting to see the differences between his account of events and what is presented in the movie. Here are a few reflections.

It is not a very long book. It's a fun, easy read and you can burn through it pretty quickly.

One thing that was very interesting to me was to see how this young man, who achieved the majority of his deceptions and frauds before he turned 20, demonstrated serious dedication to his craft. He put work in. Deceptions like the ones he pulled didn't just happen overnight nor were they spontaneous machinations he masterminded flying by the seat of his pants. He would set his sights on a task and would put in lots of preparatory work and study to make it happen. He decided to write fake checks for cash and so he read and studied and learned and improved his "craft." He decided to fake being an airline pilot to move around for free and so he studied jet planes, hung around with pilots and stewardesses to pick up the lingo, and poured through aeronautics books to achieve a good, if basic, understanding of the ins and outs of that profession. He decided to be a pediatrician and so, before setting foot in the hospital, he did the same, thorough prep work to give himself a fighting chance of actually pulling it off. He passed the bar in Louisiana and practiced law as an assistant to the attorney general for nearly a year. He spent a summer giving classes as a university professor in Utah. Not only did he pull all of this off, the people he worked with in all these places generally loved him while he was there!

His attitude was always one of overcoming challenges. When pretending to be something he was not, he was often faced with job opportunities that were lucrative and promising, if only on a temporary basis. He did not always go out looking for these new masquerades, but when they presented themselves to him he saw them as challenges, as something not easily accomplished but that would test his limits. And time after time he dove in and went for it.

He was not a cold-hearted criminal out to hurt people. His fundamental motivation was wanting to have fun and testing his limits. For that he needed money and he was very much the opportunist. He was also quite the playboy. He had many girl friends, so on that note there should be some discretion regarding the age of readers. That said, he does not go into detail about any of his escapades and the read is very clean.

The movie, of course, builds up and changes a number of things. I will avoid any spoilers on that front.

It's a book I would recommend.

Goats, Sin, Expiation, and Peace

Ever surprised by stuff?  On Monday I read something in the Bible that I don't recall ever having read before.  It's in the book of Leviticus, chapter 16.  The Israelites (well, at this point the chosen people- Israel had not yet come onto the stage) are roaming through the desert more than half-lost but exhibiting incredible faith in the Lord who brought them out of Egypt.  Every day was a testimony to this faith.  Of course, we all know that over the course of those many nomadic years their faith wavered and they experienced ups and downs, high and very lows.  It's a constant dynamic that we all experience in our own lives, a movement from happy, blissful faith to the shadow lands of wondering where God has gone, pendulum-ing between light and shadows, robust professions of faith and little admissions of internal incoherence, riding the wave of blessings and tasting the bitter fruit of struggle and doubt.  It is a dynamic of sin and restoration, of hope and frustration, offense and reconciliation.  And there we come to it.  After their many offenses, the people would confess their sins and receive God's forgiveness, making peace with him.  By the end of this sojourn in the desert, God must have been like "story of my life, right?"  I am the same way- I mean, like the Israelites (not God!).  Really, we are all like that.  I wanted to share this passage from Leviticus mentioned above:

20 “When Aaron has finished making atonement for the Most Holy Place, the tent of meeting and the altar, he shall bring forward the live goat.21 He is to lay both hands on the head of the live goat and confess over it all the wickedness and rebellion of the Israelites—all their sins—and put them on the goat’s head. He shall send the goat away into the wilderness in the care of someone appointed for the task. 22 The goat will carry on itself all their sins to a remote place; and the man shall release it in the wilderness.

That's what I do not recall having ever read before.  Cool, right?  I like it because of the symbolism- it's like the penances we receive when we go to confession, a small offering that works!  And it is efficacious not because of the offering itself but because of the contrition and sentiments of the one performing the penance, the act of reparation.  You know, it is easy to say, "gee whiz, going to confession and enunciating my sins to a priest is penance enough."  Hey, no one is denying that.  It is tough.  But the additional penance is an important element, it is like that goat that Aaron sent off into the wilderness.

Aaron (I think) praying over the goat.... #scapegoat

During that same prayer session I read this:

Psalms 90:12
Teach us to number our days,
    that we may gain a heart of wisdom.


In this context of sin, confession, and reconciliation, I think that it is most fitting to include this petition for wisdom.  I know that in my personal prayer I ask for the gift of wisdom almost not at all (by the way, we have class on the wisdom books of the Old Testament this semester- that should bring up my average).  Hopefully prayer and meditation on Sacred Scripture will augment our desire and petitions for wisdom.  Life is short, fleeting, things come and go so quickly- like for Moses and the chosen people in the desert, it must have seemed like forever but then all of a sudden, one day, it was over and they were in the promised land.

For that reason, I want to encourage everyone to go to confession this Lent.  Go to sacramental confession.  Reach out to someone you have hurt or that has hurt you.  Look to make peace.  Peace is much needed in our world today.  Let us pray the word of St. Francis: Lord, make me an channel of your peace.

To conclude I will share these beautiful lines from Origen which were also present in the liturgy of the hours that day:

From a homily by Origen on Leviticus...
"God taught the people of the old covenant how to celebrate the ritual offered to him in atonement for the sins of men.  But you have come to Christ, the true high priest.  Through his blood he has made God turn to you in mercy and has reconciled you with the Father.  You must not think simply of ordinary blood but you must learn to recognize instead the blood of the Word.  Listen to him as he tells you: This is my blood, which will be shed for you for the forgiveness of sins.

There is a deeper meaning in the fact that the high priest sprinkles the blood toward the east.  Atonement comes to you from the east.  From the east comes the one whose name is Dayspring, he who is mediator between God and men.  You are invited then to look always to the east: it is there that the sun of righteousness rises for you, it is there that the light is always being born for you.  You are never to walk in darkness; the great and final day is not to enfold you in darkness.  Do not let the night and mist of ignorance steal upon you.  So that you may always enjoy the light of knowledge, keep always in the daylight of faith, hold fast always to the light of love and peace."

It's Lent. Why not go to confession?  Why not go again?

Find the readings of the office for that day here: http://divineoffice.org/lent-w04-mon-or/?date=20160307

Pope Francis, Spiritual Life, & Future Priests

On Jan. 25 Pope Francis addressed a group of seminarians studying here in Rome. Reading through the text there were a couple points that jumped out at me which I would like to share.

Early on in the discourse, he said “you also are preparing ourselves to follow the impulse of the Spirit, to be the ‘future of the church’ according to God’s heart; not according to the preferences of each one or the fashions of the moment, but as the proclamation of the Gospel requires. To prepare oneself well one must work in depth, but above all one must undergo an interior conversion, which daily roots the ministry in Jesus first call, and revives it in a personal relation with him…”

I think that these words serve as an apt reminder of what is at the core of the spiritual life, namely following the inspirations of the Holy Spirit. He also reminds us that whatever our vacation, whatever walk of life I am following, it is essential not to forget my experience of God’s call in my life. That goes for husbands and wives just as much as it goes for priests, seminarians, and religious. Remembering this initial call entails, as the Pope says, a daily, interior conversion which revives my personal relationship with Jesus. The Pope shared these remarks on the Feast of the conversion of Saint Paul, which provides a perfect visual of this experience.

Later on, the Pope said that a pastor can only proclaim the words of life “if he makes of his own life a constant dialogue with the Word of God, or, better, with God who speaks to us.” This is nothing other then a development of that relationship spoken of above.

The whole discourse was not very long and can be read in a short amount of time. The whole your father also touched on other points of interest and if you would like to read it for yourself you can find it in its entirety here:

http://zenit.org/articles/popes-address-to-pontifical-lombard-seminary

My Hopeful Christmas Reflection

It has now been a number of years since I last spent Christmas at home.  It is such a special time for everyone.  Going to bed on Christmas Eve, having trouble getting to sleep, waking up so excited, the magic of seeing the tree lit up with presents strewn about beneath it, wearing your pajamas, being together with loved ones...

Christmas in the seminary is beautiful too- the decorations start going up around the house in the days just before Christmas, there is a strong liturgical awareness which fosters a conscientious spiritual preparation, the special Christmas Eve dinner that we have together in our religious family, and then, on the feast of the Epiphany in January, the exchange of gifts.

As the years have gone by, I have noticed more acutely the absence of the external elements to which I became accustomed growing up at home.  There were times when the Advent preparation became more of a question mark for me, an unknown.  It has invariably been an externally busy time (#BlackFriday) in which I hear much about "preparing spiritually" to celebrate the Lord's birth.  That oft-cited "spiritual preparation" was often reduced to poetry in the background of the bustling and rapidly-passing days and weeks of Advent.  This year I asked myself, what are we supposed to do during Advent to actually, in fact, prepare for Christmas?  What is Advent supposed to be for us?  What is Christmas supposed to be beneath the surface of those traditional, cozy external elements?

This is the first year that I have been praying the Liturgy of the Hours during Advent and it shed lots of light on these questions of mine.  I was really impacted by how hopeful the Advent liturgy is.  "Come and save us, Savior of the world!  Come Lord, do not delay.  I will come to save you."  Countless such expressions are present throughout the season's liturgy.  It made me think and reflect on hope: it reminded me that I am a sinner; I am the one, today, who needs a savior; it reminds me that our savior was born 2000 years ago; it reminds me that our savior will come again in glory at the end of time to call the just, his friends, to their eternal reward.  As the Jews of the Old Testament looked forward to the coming of their savior, so, too, we look forward to our Lord's coming again.  So, I believe that Advent is to be an exercise of hope, and hope founded on our Savior's promises, rather than the merely superficial expectation and preparation of a party.  There is always that eschatological dimension which recalls that we live in the Christian era, namely, the time of the Church, situated between the life of the savior, his incarnation, birth, death, and resurrection, and his definitive second coming at the end of the world.

nativity scene here at the seminary

So, what is the Advent message?  Hope!  Dare to hope.  I was speaking to a priest recently who shared with me that he was cautiously optimistic about some upcoming changes.  With human things, a "cautious optimism" is often  the best we can muster.  The hard knocks of life tend to teach us this.  But with God, as one of the newly ordained Legionary priests recently said in the homily at his first Mass, we frequently find that we have hoped for too little. Allow yourself to hope!  Challenge yourself to hope! How?  Perspective: like Simeon in the temple, who rejoiced when he met the infant savior in Mary's arms, we too must remember that reality goes far beyond this world, beyond our problems here and now, beyond struggle, misunderstanding, poverty, hunger... yes, even beyond death.  Eternity awaits and our savior will come again to claim those who have waited for him.

Christmas. Exercise hope.  Contemplate the mystery, the incarnation, God coming to us like this...  Then reflect on how he speaks to us today- indeed, he speaks to us still!  But in a world of so much movement, when so many things in our lives are screaming for attention, we really need to carve out time for silence.  In the Old Testament, God spoke to Elijah in the gentle breeze that followed the earthquake.  To be sure, we do not need to wait for earthquakes, but creating prayer time, fighting to defend it, and then actually spending that time with God is absolutely essential.

God will speak to us.  We are truly desperate for him, for our savior.  He has come to us. We have every reason to hope!

nativity scene in St. Peter's Square

When Being Just is not Enough: St. Joseph

Speaking in prayer to St. Joseph:

"By all standards, you were doing the right thing- you were even going above and beyond.  When your betrothed was found with child things simply could not move forward.  It could easily have developed into a major public scandal for Mary.  It was her name that would have been tarnished, not your own. But you decided to do things quietly, extraordinary man that you were.  But that's when God intervened, and he intervened to teach us the lesson that being just, and even being more than just, is not always enough.  What God asked of you meant that the "right thing" was actually wrong.  Now people would surely think that the child was yours, and ill-begotten.  Or they would think that you were fool enough to wed a woman carrying another's child (which happened to be true).  It was the wrong thing to do on all counts, except for the fact that God was asking you for precisely this.  God asked you for a change, to bear the cross, to put yourself at risk, to let things go not out of control, but out of your control.  I know that it must be hard for you, that there must be so much that you do not understand, but please, St. Joseph, just and God-fearing man that you are, do not leave Mary and this child. Stay with them, O Joseph!"

Painting of St. Joseph in the Church of Sant'Andrea delle Fratte in Rome

I recently heard of a particularly intriguing chapter from the life of Blessed John Henry Newman.  He was traveling through Italy, not yet having converted to Roman Catholicism.  He found himself in pursuit of the truth, examining himself and finding in himself no sin against the truth, and yet, uncertain as to why this disposition took such strong hold of him, crying out to God in prayer: "I have not sinned against the light!"  It seems he was convinced of having lived sincerely, authentically, humbly, and on all counts very well... but he had not yet lived as fully as he was being invited to live.  I imagine that St. Joseph found himself in a very similar dilemma- having done no wrong and yet being called to something greater, something deeper.  It is an invitation to let things go out of your control, but never our of God's control.

As Newman eventually did convert to Catholicism, so St. Joseph took Mary into his home.  Perhaps his opinion of Mary was not fully restored.  Maybe he still struggled to rectify her immaculate purity with seemingly compromising evidence of the child in her womb.  Maybe he took that to his grave.  But her witness during their years together must have been convincing.  I am reminded of Hester Prynne in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter.  She had committed adultery and was subject to public embarrassment.  But her humble spirit and servicial attitude in the community eventually won the compassion even of those who had condemned her.  I am sure that in the case of the Blessed Virgin Mary, her humility and purity and kindness would have been so much more convincing.  She may very well have become like a daughter for St. Joseph.  Perhaps that was, in some way, how she loved him.  And at the prospect of being left alone, of being turned out by Joseph and having her name stained and tarnished in the public eye, her sentiment when he did the unthinkable and married her must have been one of most profound gratitude.  She, too, had allowed things to go out of her control and into God's control. In Joseph, the immaculate mother of the Lord found a kindred spirit.  May the Lord see fit to bless each of us with such graces, that we, too, may join their most august company.

O wonderful St. Joseph, faithful guardian of the holy family and holy man of prayerful docility, pray for us.

A Prodigious Prayer Primer: the Divine Office

Prayer.  (Sigh) I think that most can sympathize with the idea that I should probably pray a little more, I mean, more than I actually do pray, because of course I do pray a little bit...  Right?  There are obstacles to prayer at every turn: life is busy and I can't find time for prayer; prayer is more of an abstract idea that I find difficult to make my own; I always get distracted with 100 other things when I try to pray.

Here's something that could help with all these problems: check out the liturgy of the hours, also known as the divine office.  I have been at it for several months now and it has been helpful, enlightening, encouraging, and spiritually enriching.

Here's an example.  A little while back, it was Friday of the 22nd week in ordinary time, I was struck by the second antiphon in office of readings, which read "Lord, you know all my longings."  I was instantly brought to a deeper level of prayer and reflection, of contact with my human experience of life.  I was not thinking at that depth, but it brought me there and helped me bring those things to the Lord.

Then the second reading offered me another nugget- the reading was from a sermon by Pope St. Leo the Great, who lived in the 400's.  The nugget was his reflection on humility- in this virtue all classes and conditions of men coincide.  We are all sinners and yet all children of God.  This tells me something: it tells me that whoever is before me, whether it's Lebron James or a homeless person I will probably never meet again, I have a duty to love them and to proclaim the Gospel.  When it comes to salvation and eternity, we are all in the same boat- we must all be humble.

the liturgy of the hours can be prayed alone or with a group

Lights like this, passages that jump out at me and speak to me as a seeingly personal message, come with surprising frequency.  I encourage you to take up this form of prayer, or at least some part of it: the are several different combinations you could try. For those just starting, I often recommend morning prayer and evening prayer, as these are the most important hours, even if they are not the longest ones, of the day.  The other parts are centered on these two, and each can be done in 5-10 minutes.  If you have under five minutes, you could try the midday hour at your lunch break. If you are looking for something else for a little personal and spiritual enrichment everyday, try just reading the second reading in the office of readings- these are taken from various sources and always seem to offer novel reflections and ideas.  Whatever you do, it is key to approach this prayer with an attitude of listening, of docility, of desiring to hear the Lord's voice. He does speak to us when we make the time to listen.

The Marvel of Martyrdom, or Martyrdom > Super Bowl

There was a side to my Latin teacher that I never knew existed. He loved Cicero. We translated some Virgil together. He love the style, the poetry of it. Awe and appreciation were his characteristic attitude when dealing with our translations. Then one day he really caught us off guard. It was just after super bowl weekend, February of 2008. We had seen the game and it was a thriller. The Patriots were riding an undefeated season and the Brady-Belichick combo was was after its fourth super bowl ring in seven years. It was a game for the ages. The Patriots drove down and took the lead with under two minutes left, only to let the Giants score, capping an epic drive and leaving the Patriots with the bitter taste of defeat, something they had not experienced during the entirety of that season. I believe that game had the second highest television rating of all time (at least to date).

the helmet catch

In Latin class the following week, one of the seminarians jokingly asked the professor if he had enjoyed the game. We did not know what to expect- for all we knew, he may not even have watched the game! He almost did not know how to answer. He paused and reflected. He had an aura about him almost like one about to touch or speak about something so profound, so sacred... he fumbled for words. What he finally found and shared went something like "that was probably the most extraordinary sporting event I have ever seen, possibly of all time." He communicated to us the most profound respect, an awe, an incredible value- we had never even heard him speak of Latin or Cicero this way. It was shocking.

Ignatius of Antioch

Yesterday we celebrated the memorial of St. Ignatius of Antioch who died a martyr in the very early Church. Before leaving for Rome, St. Peter had been bishop in Antioch- Ignatius was his immediate successor there. Tomorrow we celebrate the North-american martyrs Isaac Jogues and John de Brebeuf. The word "martyr" can become so cliche for us. We celebrate their feasts, we talk about how they died for the faith. At times we even visit Churches where we are reminded of how these saints gave their lives (burned alive, tortured, given to wild beasts...) because they would not deny their faith in Jesus Christ. During his trip to Rome, Ignatius would write, "let me be food for the wild beasts, for they are my way to God. I am God's wheat and shall be ground by their teeth so that I may become Christ's pure bread... He who died in place of us is the one object of my quest. He who rose for our sakes is my one desire... Give me the privilege of imitating the passion of my God." We are dealing with something else here. This is not a pragmatic leader interested in furthering the interests of his "corporation." Think about it, he could easily have told the Romans that, sure, he will burn some incense to their gods. His heart would not have been in it- would we have held it against him? It would have been a way to ensure some measure of peace and allow him to continue leading the budding Christian community at Antioch. Christianity was nothing at the time and it seems that this bishop of an important city is throwing his life away. When we stop to think about it, it seems like a helplessly poor, impulsive decision to go to his death willingly like this. Yet he approaches his imminent death rejoicing.

Isaac Jogues

Similarly, Isaac Jogues, even after returning to France from the missions, could not resist returning to America to preach the Gospel in those lands. I trust you are familiar with the story. These men's lives, and particularly their deaths, are too frequently grossly under-esteemed by us. Often their truly incredible witness and their consuming passion for Jesus Christ and their christian faith is lost on us and does not move us as it ought. It should mean much, much more to us than an incredible sporting event and so many other entertainments to which we are so devoted.

In his book On the Way to Jesus Christ, Cardinal Ratzinger wrote: "I have often said that I am convinced that the true apologetics for the Christian message, the most persuasive proof of its truth, offsetting everything that may appear negative, are the saints, on the one hand, and the beauty that the faith has generated, on the other." I pray that this may be true in each of our lives as well.

Set Out on your Spiritual Journey!

It's not too late. It's the most important dimension of your life. It should be our bedrock, our foundation.

Spiritual life is dynamic, constant, intimate. What are our needs? We need to be loved. We need to be known. We need to be seen as we are, accepted, appreciated, and loved unconditionally. We also need to love, to express love, to do good, to be a blessing for others, to let love pour forth from the goodness of our hearts. All this can happen in spiritual life. It's what we most desire.

I had a great confession recently. Father told me to set out in the spiritual life with even more ambition and trust than ever. We are not alone in our spiritual endeavors. If you have set out already, keep it up! If you have not, go for it!

The Cross is Meant to Lift us Up

Crosses come and go. There are times that are particularly intense, crucible-style, and times that are more peaceful. Crosses can be physical or moral, can be personal or suffering with and for others. Regardless of how they come, crosses always seem to catch me off guard. My initial reaction is to resist, to deny the cross, to distance myself from it. 

Little by little, as God seems to insist that this cross is for me, this resistance transitions to an acceptance. As we experience this, we can end up claiming the cross, owning it. Claiming the cross has immense spiritual benefit. Suffering is a privileged place from which we can see into Christ's heart and what he suffered in his passion, what he suffered to save us. He opens his heart to us through suffering. Seeing his love we are motivated to love in our turn. Psalm 126:5 says "those who sow in tears shall reap with cries of joy."

We find that this relationship changes everything. In John 10:10 Jesus tells us "I came that they might have life, and have it abundantly." This is the divine pedagogy. It is a way of re-framing problems in faith and discovering unexpected solutions in the Lord.

John 3:14 says "as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so must the Son of man be lifted up..." So must each of us be lifted up. So Christ saved us and so he continues, through us, to realize his work of salvation. "When I am lifted up from the earth, I will draw all men to myself." (John 12:32) The cross is to bring us to new heights of spiritual life.

Lift us up, Lord. Challenge us with the cross. Give us the courage to bear it, to find you in it, and to grow always in our knowledge of and love for you.

The First Christian Feast

Do you know which was the first feast day celebrated in the early Christian Church? Christmas comes to mind right away, though I am not sure if that is because I have logical reasons why I think it should be first or rather because it is my favorite feast day of the year. The answer is actually Easter, the Lord's resurrection. Reflecting for a moment, I have to say that it makes perfect sense. Everything else would have been pointless without the resurrection- it is what gave Jesus Christ not only credibility, but supremacy. He is the savior! No one else has conquered death. St. Paul wrote: "if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain and your faith is in vain." (1 Cor 15:14)

What do you think the next feasts to be added to the liturgical calendar? Sorry, still not Christmas. The second and third celebrations for which we have evidence are the feasts of the Ascension (Acts 1:6-11) and Pentecost (Acts 2- see picture above for how they celebrate Pentecost at the Pantheon!). At first glance, I would say that Christmas is more important than these feasts. The logic, though, is that these two feasts complete the celebration of Easter, the paschal mystery. Jesus said that he would leave us, but he promised that, after his resurrection, he would send us his Spirit. Pentecost marks the conclusion of the celebration of Easter-tide.

After these feasts, they also added feast days marking the days of the Lord's passion- Holy Thursday and Good Friday, along with Palm Sunday. The picture here may not look familiar, but it is the crucifixion. As a matter of fact, it is one of the earliest depictions of the crucifixion we are aware of as it may date to as early as the 5th century. It is on the large wooden doors of the Church of Santa Sabina here in Rome.

When we learned about this progression recently in Liturgy class, it really struck me because while the other feasts are truly important and significant, the celebration of Easter is the single, most significant feast in Christianity. Really, it is definitive and indicative of what sets Christianity apart. It is not so surprising, then, that this fact is witnessed even in the historical development of Christian worship.

Receiving Communion

The question was recently posed to me, "why don't Catholics allow other Christians to receive their communion?" The truth is that I was hardly satisfied with my response. So here we are.

The Eucharist is the "source and summit" (Lumen Gentium, 11; Catechism of the Catholic Church #1324) of Catholic faith and life. It is sort of like the cherry on top, except that it is more like a solid-gold-orb on top. With the cherry on top, the main event is the ice cream. But with the Eucharist, everything else is preparation, is "on the way to" the Eucharist. It is the main event, that which is most precious.

When I approach the altar to receive communion, it is a sign of my communion with the Catholic Church, of my adherence to the teachings and truths she proclaims, of my loyalty to the Pope and the Bishops, the successors of the apostles. Receiving the host, the Body of Christ, is the epitome of my union and communion with the body of Catholic Christians with respect to all of these implications.

In addition to the perspective of communion, one ought to be in a state of grace to receive the Eucharist. This implies the practice of confession, the sacrament by which we are restored to this state of grace, by which we are picked up from our falls, in which we accept the infinite mercy and love of God. In other words, confession restores us to communion with God, of which our reception of the Eucharist is symbolic.

The Eucharist is communion. It is communion physically, literally, figuratively, and spiritually. It is a sign of my communion with God and of my communion with the Catholic Church.

For further reading, you may consult numbers 1395, 1396, 1400, and 1415 of the Catechism of the Catholic Church.

Similar issues are treated here (regarding Catholics attending other christian services) and 

here (regarding what Pope Francis says about receiving the Euchariat in Evangelii Gaudium). 

On the Lenten Journey

We are in the third week of Lent. It is entirely possible that you feel like me- worried that I have already lost some time and that Easter will be here before I know it  and that Lent will have passed me by and I will have accomplished nothing.

Know what I mean?

Don't worry. Lent is a journey. If you have felt this, I would say that it is a good sign; it is evidence that the Holy Spirit is present and inviting you to go deeper, just like he led Jesus into the desert (Matthew 4:1). Does that sound familiar? So keep your chin up. Lent is a journey and it's better to start your preparation for Easter now than on Holy Thursday. Pray. Listen. Follow the Holy Spirit's inspirations. Try to correspond to what he is telling you and communicating to you.

If he is asking you to give something up, start scaling back your intake of social media or of food, your time on Netflix or playing video games- whatever it is for you.

If he is asking you to give more, see how you can serve your neighbor, how you can reach out, how you can spend more time in prayer or in prayerful reading of sacred scripture or of some other spiritual book. See what will help you most.

Lent is a time to go to the desert. It is a time to encounter God, a time for renewal. We are made for God. When we take him seriously, he does not disappoint. As Fr. John Bartunek, LC wrote in his book The Better Part, "If we truly know him, we will delight in serving such a Lord, and we will go out of our way to be worthy of him."

The 1st Annual Priest Bowl

December 13 was an amazing day. 35 of my Legionary brothers were ordained priests here in Rome at St. John Lateran (click here to see my post on the Lateran Basilica). Many of their family and friends traveled here for their big day, the vast majority of them arriving here from across oceans. Many came from across the Atlantic- USA, Mexico, and South America, while some even came from Australia and New Zealand as a native Aussie and two Kiwis were ordained.

The new priests processing out after Mass

For some this was a once in a lifetime trip, finally made after so many years of waiting for their son/brother/friend to make through the long period of formation and preparation. For others, it was a truly unique opportunity to participate in a Mass of priestly ordination. One group had a particularly good time, coming to dub this event the "priest bowl." As they got to know many other brothers while in Rome, they resolved that they would have to make the annual trip overseas to participate in the priest bowl for years to come.

A new priest's homily in his 1st Mass

The ordination Mass was beautiful, but I find it easy to say that the days immediately following were just as emotionally and spiritually intense as these new priests celebrated their first Masses for family and friends. I have shared the moment of consecration from some of these Masses on Vine (click here). Homilies were often interrupted by choked voices, swallows, moments of silence taken to reign in surging emotions. I was so proud of these men, my friends and brothers, who are now bringing the sacraments of Christ, and with them eternal life, to so many.

One of the new priests

It struck me in a particular way to hear them saying the words "this is my body" and "this is my blood." Of course, they say these words in persona Christi, but it struck me that, in a few years, I will be the one saying these words; and saying these words, how could I not, experiencing Christ's immense love for us when he comes to us in the Eucharist, want to repeat, imitate, make true in my own life the truth those words express? This can be our experience of Mass every day, every time we participate in the holy sacrifice of the Mass. This is the desire that has been in my heart in these days since seeing my brothers ordained: I want to offer my body and my blood for the glory of God the Father, following the example of these brothers of mine who are leading the way and for whose example I am so grateful, but above all following the example of our Lord Jesus Christ. Indeed, this is the hope and glory of Christmas: our savior is born, our Lord is come to save us. Alleluia!

Nativity scene recently unveiled in St. Peter's square

Weezer and Biblical Contemplation of God

On their latest album Everything Will Be Alright in the End, the band Weezer, from a certain perspective, delves into the depths of the contemplation of God based on Sacred Scripture. On this album, the song "Da Vinci" spoke to me of the reality of sacred scripture and its divine inspiration. 

Caravaggio's "Inspiration of St. Matthew"

Simply put, we are unable on our own to comprehend and express the reality of God's love, mercy, and awesomeness. As Rivers Cuomo sings, "Even da Vinci couldn't paint you; Stephen Hawking can't explain you; Rosetta stone could not translate you, I'm at a loss for words." Our efforts to explain and understand the wonder that is God inevitably reach the point of words falling short, of slowly entering a state of silent admiration. This is not to say that God is not rational, but only that, without his having revealed himself to us in Sacred Scripture and in the person of Jesus Christ, we would fall far shorter than we actually do in our knowledge of his reality. What is actually contained in the Bible has been the source of endless study, writing, prayer and reflection through history. Rivers sings, "I tried to write it in a novel; I wrote a page but it was awful," and then, "I wish I could explain who you are, but when I try I never get far." That's why we turn back to the sacred page! "Now I just want to sing your gospel." Let's go back to the inspired word of God and get to know him as he reveals himself to us.

Given the general aims and messages of rock and roll, I deem it safe to say that this was not Weezer's intent. Nevertheless, I do see myself, by means of this interpretation, fitting into a long line of Christian tradition that has "baptized" pagan symbol after pagan symbol. I hardly want to label Weezer as pagan or opposed to religion. I simply accept that these themes are generally absent from their productions.

* All quotes from Weezer are based on my listening to the song and may not be the official lyrics. I have not taken the time to research that, but then, I really did not see the need to.

St. John Lateran

Today is the feast of the dedication of Rome's first basilica, St. John Lateran. It is part of the Rome experience to actually be able to attend Mass there on the very feast of its dedication.

It was dedicated in the 320s (I have heard two dates), before St. Peter's or St. Paul outside the walls, with the name "Church of the Redeemer." So why is it called St. John and what does Lateran mean? Here's the deal. Some of the land there belonged to a wealthy Roman family of the time whose name was Laterano. Then, at different points in history, the church was named for St. John the Baptist and for St. John the Evangelist. Their names (as well as their statues on either side of Christ) can be seen in the facade.

The cathedral has, through history, succombed to fire, an earthquake, and invading hordes. Each time it was destroyed it was rebuilt and received new names in the process.

As you enter through the front facade you pass a Latin inscription which says "the holy Lateran church, mother and head of all churches in the city and world." Why does it say this? Two main reasons. One is that the Lateran was the Vatican until the 1300s. It was the official Papal residence until the Avignon period when, for about 70 years in the 1300s, the Popes transferred their residence to France. After that, as the Lateran structures had become inhabitable, the Popes took up residence in the Vatican, where they have remained to the present day. The second reason, very connected with the first, is that St. John Lateran is the cathedral of Rome: it is the see of the bishop of Rome (the Pope). In fact, it still houses the offices for the diocese of Rome. St. Peter's is a mamoth basilica in the Vatican city-state, but it is not the official see of the bishop of Rome. Lateran, 1 - St. Peter's, 0.

Inside is a beautiful artistic portrayal of salvation history, or of God's intervention through history aimed at man's salvation. There are three levels (see photo immediately above, right) of decoration in the main body of the Church. The top level is a series of 12 paintings of Old Testament prophets. Below these are 12 frieze sculptures depicting, on the left side, scenes from the Old Testament which prefigured some moment in the life of Christ, depicted in the corresponding place on the right side. The two following photos depict, from the Old Testament the angel staying Abraham's hand when he was about to sacrifice his son, Isaac, who carried the wood up the mountain, and from the New Testament, Christ carrying the cross.

This is a bridge from old to new. Below these are the 12 impressive sculptures of the apostles and St. Paul, each with some emblem indicative of what they are known for. They were present at the Church's foundation and were the first followers of Christ who set the Church on its course. But there is yet a fourth level. As our gaze descends from the prophets, to the friezes, to the apostles, it finally reaches the floor upon which we stand. The fourth level is us. We are the heirs of this great history, of God's presence and action in human history. The Church's continuity and the realization of her mission now depend on us.

Historically, St. John Lateran is monumental for its Christian significance. Structurally, it is a marvel. Spiritually, it is a testimony of salvation history and is a fitting symbol of the Catholic Church herself, which has survived so many upheavels and struggles through the centuries, while continuing to offer mankind the surest means by which to reach heaven.

A Particularly Large and Friendly Elephant

Series on "Wisdom and Innocence: a Life of G.K. Chesterton" by Joseph Pearce

Chapter 6 treats of another move and of the Chestertons' dealings with a family living near their new homestead. What it is really about, however, is G.K. Chesterton's dealings with children and his love for them.

A truly beautiful portrait is presented us in this chapter of profound happiness and content. It tells of a grown man who enjoyed the stories and the jokes he told as much as, if not more than, his young listeners. It tells of this man, having lost himself in the fun and games, needing to lock himself in his room at the last moment to write a column due that evening. It can sound so proud and stuck up to speak of someone else as being simple, but that is exactly the quality of Chesterton which this chapter brought me to admire. Life for him was so beautiful, and as a man he himself was so sincere with how he lived. These two qualities, which children, when they feel trusted, seem to possess and master so effortlessly, meant that he and children were made for each other.

He thrived in their company. He was truly himself with them and they loved him for it. As one author wrote, "he did not, like many grown-ups who are reputedly 'fond of children', exploit the simplicity of childhood for his own amusement. He entered, with tremendous gravity, into the tremendous gravity of the child." One of his young friends later shared this reflection: "It was not, as is sometimes cosily and fallaciously supposed, that he became like a small boy, but that he made small boys feel that they had become men."

This chapter highlights another quality. Chesterton was simple, yet brilliant, and he had an innate knack for putting into words what other people merely feel without the ability to describe. During a difficult period for his wife, and so for him, he wrote to Fr. O'Connor, their close friend. First, he shared why he wrote to him in particular, and not someone else, in this period of trial:
"I would not write this to anyone else, but you combine so unusually in your own single personality the characters of 1. priest, 2. human being, 3. man of the world, 4. man of the other world, 5. man of science, 6. old friend, 7. new friend, not to mention Irishman and picture dealer, that I don't mind suggesting the truth to you."

He then shared a reflection on his marriage:
"One of the mysteries of Marriage (which must be a Sacrament and an extraordinary one too) is that a man evidently useless like me can yet become at certain instants indispensable. And the further oddity (which I invite you to explain on mystical grounds) is that he never feels so small as when he knows that he is necessary."

This chapter is a showcase of what seem to me to be two of the qualities which make Chesterton Chesterton.

What fills your heart?

Have you ever felt like you were let down by God? I was reading Genesis recently and, you know, if anyone could have felt let down by God, Abraham certainly could have. He received all these promises of great things and for years there was nothing to show for it. The promises were seemingly unfulfilled. Yet Abraham maintained faith and did not abandon God.

A similar case that came to mind was St. Faustina Kowalska. Jesus called her to found an order and she, despite serious illnesses did everything she could to realize his desire. She died before foundation took place. It looks, again, like a let down, almost like God was messing with her. Yet she, too, stayed strong in the faith until the end. Why?

I would propose that God is greater than his promises. For Abraham and St. Faustina, it was worth much more to have God than to have anything else. They believed and hoped that his promises and desires would be fulfilled, but those things were on a totally secondary level. All those things came after knowing and loving the Lord. With God theirs hearts were content. They were utterly satisfied by their relationship with God. Everything else, had or not had, failed to influenced the happiness and peace they found in God.

Towards a Solution to the Problem of Evil

I wanted to share in the first place this number from the Catechism of the Catholic Church- please humor me by giving it a read.

309 If God the Father almighty, the Creator of the ordered and good world, cares for all his creatures, why does evil exist? To this question, as pressing as it is unavoidable and as painful as it is mysterious, no quick answer will suffice. Only Christian faith as a whole constitutes the answer to this question: the goodness of creation, the drama of sin and the patient love of God who comes to meet man by his covenants, the redemptive Incarnation of his Son, his gift of the Spirit, his gathering of the Church, the power of the sacraments and his call to a blessed life to which free creatures are invited to consent in advance, but from which, by a terrible mystery, they can also turn away in advance. There is not a single aspect of the Christian message that is not in part an answer to the question of evil.

I read this whil I was studying this morning and it really struck me. And I did not add the italics- I read it like that in the Catechism. Why did this number strike me? Maybe for this reason: my integral, deep living of my faith furthers the solution to the problem of evil in the world, indeed, to all the bad we see and experience.

What does "live the faith," in the previous paragraph mean? It means treating God like a person, getting to know him, and growing in my relationship with him. Growing in this relationship makes the world a better place.

Formation: let me introduce you to the truth!

The other day I found myself wondering, "what is formation all about, anyway?" I was reflecting on my (yikes!) 9 years in the seminary, you know, where I was before entering (not yet 20), how I have progressed or not along the way, positive and negative elements... So when it comes down to it, what is formation all about?

I believe that the answer is, simply, TRUTH. Fundamentally, I think that formation is attempting to move the will by presenting it with the truth in all its goodness and beauty. I believe that formation is absolutely not getting someone to do something or getting them to behave within certain parameters but rather helping them to desire the true, the good, and the beautiful in all of their profundity. It is an empowering. This also means not settling for passing pleasures or superficial counterfeits instead of these transcendental realities. For more on this check out #89 of Pope Francis's recent publication Evangelii Gaudium.

Formation is ongoing introduction to / discovery of the truth and then the conforming of one's life to that reality.

¿No?